Dependencia emocional y esquemas desadaptativos tempranos: estudio comparativo entre España y Colombia en relaciones de noviazgo / Emotional dependency and early maladaptive schemas: Comparative study between Spain and Colombia in couple relationships

INTRODUCCIÓN Y OBJETIVOS: El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar las diferencias en dependencia emocional, esquemas cognitivos y características de una pareja ideal entre una muestra española y una muestra colombiana, así como la relación entre la dependencia emocional y los esquemas cognitivos. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: La muestra se compuso de 1975 estudiantes escolares y universitarios de los cuales el 55.34% procedía de España y el 44.66% de Colombia. Se utilizaron cuestionarios de autoinforme para medir dependencia emocional, esquemas cognitivos y características de la pareja ideal. RESULTADOS: Se halló que los estudiantes españoles puntuaron más alto en necesidad de exclusividad, mientras que los colombianos lo hicieron en necesidad de agradar. No se hallaron diferencias en dependencia total entre ambas muestras. Asimismo, los esquemas cognitivos que más correlacionaron con la dependencia emocional fueron la subyugación, el apego y la grandiosidad. Finalmente, las características más valoradas en una pareja en ambas muestras fueron respeto, humor e inteligencia. CONCLUSIONES: Estos resultados muestran la relación entre la dependencia emocional y los esquemas cognitivos, así como las diferencias culturales respecto a las variables medidas. Estos resultados pueden resultar útiles para la intervención y prevención en población joven

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The objective of this research was to analyze the differences in emotional dependence, cognitive schemes and characteristics of an ideal couple between a Spanish sample and a Colombian sample, as well as the relationship between emotional dependence and cognitive schemes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The sample consisted of 1975 school and university students of which 55.34% came from Spain and 44.66% from Colombia. Self-report questionnaires were used to measure emotional dependence, cognitive patterns and characteristics of the ideal couple. RESULTS: It was found that Spanish students scored higher in Need for Exclusivity, while Colombians scored higher in Need for Pleasantness. No differences were found in Total Dependence between both samples. Likewise, the cognitive schemes that most correlated with emotional dependence were Subjugation, Attachment and Grandiosity. Finally, the most valued characteristics of a couple in both samples were respect, humour and intelligence. CONCLUSIONS: These results show the relationship between emotional dependence and cognitive schemes, as well as the cultural differences with respect to the measured variables. These results may be useful for intervention and prevention in young people

Aflibercept for metastatic colorectal cancer: safety data from the Spanish named patient program.

OBJECTIVE: Aflibercept increased overall survival with acceptable tolerability in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) when it was used in combination with FOLFIRI after progression on a first-line oxaliplatin regimen (VELOUR study). The safety profile of aflibercept in day-to-day clinical practice was assessed. DESIGN AND METHODS: A named patient program provided early access to aflibercept to mCRC patients in Spain before its commercialization. Patients received aflibercept 4 mg/kg intravenous + FOLFIRI every 2 weeks as second-line treatment. A descriptive safety analysis was conducted. RESULTS: Data from 89 mCRC patients were analyzed (male: 61.8%; median age: 62 years [interquartile range: 55, 67]; Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group 0 - 1: 95.5%). Fifty four (60.7%) patients presented ≥ 2 metastasis [liver (83.1%), lung (44.9%) or lymph nodes (33.7%)]. Most patients had previously received bevacizumab (60.7%) or anti-EGFR (19.1%) therapy. Patients received a median of 6.0 (interquartile range: 4, 13) cycles of FOLFIRI + aflibercept. Most grade ≥ 3 adverse events (AEs) were reported during the initial cycles of treatment. AEs possibly related to treatment occurred in 39 (43.8%) patients. Common grade ≥ 3 treatment-related AEs were neutropenia (7.9%), diarrhea (4.5%) and hypertension (3.4%). CONCLUSIONS: In clinical practice, aflibercept + FOLFIRI is well tolerated, with a manageable toxicity profile. The safety results confirm the findings from the confirmatory VELOUR trial.